The Tagus passes through the southern border of the Autonomy in its path west toward the Atlantic Ocean, draining the waters of the Jarama River (collecting in turn the waters of the Lozoya, the Guadalix, the Manzanares, the Henares and the Tajuña), the Alberche and the Guadarrama in the Community. This autonomous community is located in the basin of the Tagus River. First, by the western side, it borders the " Sistema Central" (the Guadarrama mountain range), the southern border features a protrusion following the Tagus River in order to include the royal site of Aranjuez in the region the eastern edge of the triangle comes from the rupture of the fluvial river basins. When looking at a map of the Province of Madrid, it can be seen that it is almost an equilateral triangle, in whose center would be the city. Peñalara: the Guadarrama mountain range's highest peak Taking advantage of the orography, there are several reservoirs and local dams, with the Santillana reservoir being the largest. The recent possible detection of the existence of Iberian lynx in the area between the Cofio and Alberche rivers is testament to the biodiversity of the area. The Lozoya Valley supports a large black (monk) vulture colony, and one of the last bastions of the Spanish imperial eagle in the world is found in the Park Regional del Suroeste in dehesa hills between the Gredos and Guadarrama ranges. The slopes of the Guadarrama mountain range are cloaked in dense forests of Scots pine and Pyrenean oak. Madrid is home to mountain peaks rising above 2,000 m, holm oak dehesas and low-lying plains. Geography Relief map of the Community of Madridĭespite the existence of a large city of 5 million people, the Community of Madrid still retains some remarkably unspoiled and diverse habitats and landscapes. In addition, the Montejo Beech Forest is part of the transnational Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe world heritage site. It contains four World Heritage Sites: the Monastery and Royal Site of El Escorial, the University and historic centre of Alcalá de Henares, the cultural landscape of Aranjuez and the Paseo del Prado and Buen Retiro park in Madrid City. Madrid has the highest GDP per capita in the country. In absolute terms, Madrid's economy has been, since 2018, slightly bigger in size than that of Catalonia. It is also the most densely populated autonomous community. The Community of Madrid is the third most populous in Spain with 6,825,005 (2022) inhabitants mostly concentrated in the metropolitan area of Madrid. It was formally created in 1983, based on the limits of the province of Madrid, which was until then conventionally included in the historical region of New Castile ( Castilla la Nueva). The Community of Madrid is bounded to the south and east by Castilla–La Mancha and to the north and west by Castile and León. Its capital and largest municipality is the City of Madrid, which is also the capital of the country. It is located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula, and of the Central Plateau ( Meseta Central).
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